The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

In the art and literature memorializing the Civil Rights movement, no one individual is more prominently represented than Martin Luther King Jr. . He is remembered in books, statues, and even streets bearing his name in almost every city. One historian said, â€Å"We trapped King in romantic images†¦ frozen his legacy in worship.† King has become the martyr of the Civil Rights Movement and his legacy has thus overshadowed the legacy of the other activists and groups who helped move the Civil Rights movement forward, including the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, an organization created by southern black youth. Though King’s actions were powerful tools in the push for racial equality, his efforts were only a part of the overall impetus driving the United States towards equality. The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (â€Å"SNCC†) led activism in a community based, long-term protest fashion. At the same time the Southern Christian Leadersh ip Council (â€Å"SCLC†), the group led by Dr. King, used a media-powered and more presentation-based protest method to rally Americans at the national level. Towards the end of the Civil Rights Movement SNCC became more radical in its approach, eventually leading to its own demise, while the SCLC stayed religiously peaceful. The different ideas and sometimes-contradicting actions of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference eventually helped lead to the racial equality as we know itShow MoreRelatedI Have A Dream Speech1508 Words   |  7 Pagesnineteen-sixty, four freshman students at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical college, organized a sit in, or refused to leave the lunch counter as a form of protest, until their demands of service were met (History-Civil Rights Movement). This movement quickly spread across the South. They sought to end segregation on lunch counters. In April of that same year, another new or ganization was founded, named the SNCC, or Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (History-Civil Rights Movement)Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama.1635 Words   |  7 Pages During the late 1960s black power began to arise and take a sudden increase. The Black Panthers and the Students for a Democratic Society began to organize ghetto dwellers into a revolutionary army to overthrow capitalism and to put an end to Jim Crow and the harsh situations that came with it. (source 5) At Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, several African American students took there armed automatic weapons and completely took over a dining hall. Bottle-garbed soldiers tear gassedRead MorePresidents, Truman, Eisenhower, JFK and Johnson Civil Rights.1286 Words   |  6 Pagesissues, shortly after the war o 1946 - appoints commission to propose civil rights legislation o 1948 - Proposes civil rights legislations ï‚ § Called for permanent Federal civil rights commission ï‚ § Called for a permanent Fair Employment Practices Committee to end discrimination in employment ï‚ § Blocked by Southern Democrats in Congress o African-Americans key in Trumans surprise victory in 1948 election ï‚ § Truman again pushes FEPC, also anti-lynching legislation ï‚ § again blocked in Congress by SouthernRead MoreUnderstanding The Origins Of Black Resistance1501 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial era. Whereas historian Jacquelyn Dowd Hall has urged historians to look to Reconstruction to understand the origins of black resistance, Cobb begins even earlier with the emergence of American slavery. As a former member of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Cobb uses both his own experiences to highlight the complex relationship between nonviolent activism and armed self-defense at the grassroots. Although Cobb does not consider his book a memoir, the inclusion of his personal memoriesRead MoreInterpretations Of The Civil Rights Movement1415 Words   |  6 PagesBaker, Septima Clark and countless mothers, sisters, and daughters proved to be important pillars of their time in the various capacities in which they served. Two women of particular importance are Diane Nash and Ruby Doris Smith, whose activism as SNCC members and workers changed the course of the Civil Rights movement for the better. Hence, this historical inquiry seeks to establish the ways in which these two women—Diane Nash and Ruby Doris Smith—developed into the stalwarts of the Civil RightsRead MoreStudent Non Violent Coordinating Committee1412 Words   |  6 Pagesmovements. These so cial movements often included marches and non-violent protesting, but not all of them included violence at the hands of police or nights where sleep is impossible because of fear. The young people involved in Freedom Summer in 1964 would change the course of history, but not without significant sacrifices. Freedom Summer or the Mississippi Summer Project was the brainchild of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee or SNCC. The project had four main goals, to expand African AmericanRead MoreSuccess and Failure of the Civil Rights Movement Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pages nonviolence, and civil disobedience. Thanks to the SCLC, sit-ins and boycotts became popular during this time, adding to the movement’s accomplishments. The effective nature of the sit-in was shown during 1960 when a group of four black college students sat down at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in hopes of being served. While they were not served the first time they commenced their sit-in, they were not forced to leave the establishment; their lack of response to the heckling and ill-treatment theyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in 20th Century America1738 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican people of the time. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was an American Civil Rights organisation that played a vital role in the Civil Rights Movement. They were motivated through the belief that ‘all people are equal’ and the methods of non-violence preached by Martin Luther King. Their ultimate objective, which they are working on still to this day, is to achieve true equality throughout the world. This inequality that they were working against is reiterated in source 3, which shows theRead MoreAnalysis Of Bloody Lowndes1569 Words   |  7 PagesCounty, during the1960’s. He examines different activist groups, the leaders within those groups, and their impact/ role played on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. Some of groups mentioned throughout the book included, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO) and the Black Panther Party. According to Jefferies, all helped to fight oppression in the area and contributed to the success of the movement. He specifically centers the bookRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pages of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee(SNCC). Restaurants in the South had separate counters for blacks and whites. Carmichael had black students sit down at a counter designated for whites only. When the owner of the restaurant approached the student to tell them to move, the student would simply say I would like a hamburger and a coke please. The student would be sure not to raise his or her voice because that would denote violence. The student would continue

The Higher Education Opportunity Act Teachers Improving...

To improve education in the United States, the core objectives in federal education legislation address the improvement of teacher education and quality, for example, Higher Education Opportunity Act (Cohen-vogel, 2005). Teacher preparation program is one of the policy instruments to deliver the goals. Unlike traditional preparation program and alternative teacher preparation programs, Urban Teacher Residency (UTR) is an innovative preparation program improving teacher quality in which a mentor will be assigned to work with the novice teacher for a year. UTRs are distinctive than other programs mainly in three aspects as follows: recruitment, preparation, and ongoing induction. First established in 2002, UTRs have gained its popularity and†¦show more content†¦Framework of BTR Program Outcomes It cannot be denied that traditional teacher education and alternative certification are effective in supplying high-quality teachers in urban school districts. However, there are still some challenges for these programs. For instance, traditional program cannot target district needs in specific subjects including science, special education, and etc. Also, candidates in alternative certification programs do not have enough clinical experiences before becoming a teacher of record (Berry, et al., 2008). Combining the components from both traditional teacher program and alternative certificate program, BTR is an innovative teacher preparation program that aims to â€Å"recruit, prepare, and sustain excellent teachers† with different structures and systems (Solomon, 2009). As discussed above, UTRs programs differ from other programs in several ways including recruitment, preparation, and ongoing support. Specifically, UTR recruits only for positions where districts have trouble in recruiting and retaining enough high-quality teachers. That is, the BTR program seeks candidates with various backgrounds to teacher specifically in Boston Public School (BPS), which can satisfy district needs in hard-to-staff subjects. In addition, BTR candidates are required to teach in BPS at least threeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Special Education On Special Needs Students1505 Words   |  7 Pagesproviding an appropriate education in the most least restrictive environment possible for special needs students. A Law is defined as a rule that is created by the government of a town, state or country. A law is created in hopes of settling a cause. Within the past 25 years laws pertaining to Special Education have evolved for the better of special needs students around the country. Prior to completing this assignment I had the opportunity to interview DanielleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act872 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was signed into law January 8, 2002 , by George .W Bush. The Act is a re-authorization of the Secondary Education Act, The No Child Behind Act was put into effect in order to help close achievement gaps and improve education within the public school system using various techniques so that no child would be left behind. In order to achieve the goals of the act, procedures were to be followed by public school system, Bush suggested that schools test students in gradesRead MoreHow Has Socioeconomic Status Affected Our Country s Response Of The War O n Education Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesto the war on education. American Psychological Association. â€Å"Education and Socioeconomic Status† American Psychological Association: American Psychological Association, 2016, http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/education.aspx, September 19, 2016 According to the American Psychological Association, in a study of American kindergarten children, 36 percent of lower class parents read to their children on a daily basis, compared to the 62 percent of parents from higher incomes. Children’sRead MoreStandardized Testing Is Not Be Completely Honest I Do Not Know About Standardized Test1151 Words   |  5 Pagesto know about these test. How did they come about, what is the purpose, does standardize test benefit students, teachers or schools and are they truly beneficial to my child s education. Standardize test are a result from that No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). The NCLB became a law in 2002 by President George W. Bush. The reason for NCLB was a growing concern that the American education system was no longer internationally competitive ­Ã‚ ­ - significantly increased the federal role in holding schoolsRead MoreGap Between Education And Education1703 Words   |  7 Pagesimprove their commitment towards education. There are variant forms from country to country in terms of reforms and achievements. These variant forms in educational advancement are shown in indicators on each of the many educational ranks. Even though, the region as a whole has had several other important successes. Including the widening of access to education at all ranks throughout the region, especially to those in elementary schools. Widening access to education is the solution to reducing theRead MoreThe Components Of Critical Thinking1330 Words   |  6 Pagesthese skills in classrooms. Be as it may, many students do not engage in enough higher thinking. Notwithstanding the importance many educators have stressed, it continues to be an educational concern. In our education system instructors are not advocating enough critical thinking in High School classrooms as the curriculums intended there to be. The challenge of polishing critical thinking in classrooms is that teachers must learn how to interpolate these skills into the academic curriculum. TheseRead MoreEducating Students With Children With Disabilities969 Words   |  4 PagesMainstreaming in Education â€Å"We must understand that inclusion is first and foremost a philosophy. It is a mindset and a belief that everyone has value and something to contribute. It is a willingness to see the ability in everyone and match skill with challenge. It is an understanding that what our programs really provide at their heart is the opportunity to build relationships, learn who we are, and develop skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Friedman, 2014) Mainstreaming, one of the most controversial topics in the education fieldRead MoreStandardized Testing Is Not Be Completely Honest, I Do Not Know About Standardized Test1363 Words   |  6 Pagesto know about these test. How did they come about, what is the purpose, does standardize test benefit students, teachers or schools and are they truly beneficial to my child s education. Standardize test is a result from that No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). The NCLB became a law in 2002 by President George W. Bush. The reason for NCLB was a growing concern that the American education system was no longer internationally competitive ­Ã‚ ­ - significantly increased the federal role in holding schoolsRead MoreThe Historical Foundation Of People With Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagespatient (wk 3 slides). Kennedy used his position as President to find what were the current levels of well-being for people with disability. By having a President take people with disabilities needs into consideration was the beginning in a change of improving the life of people with disabilities. Another revolutionary event that changes the history of people with disabilities was the institution of Willowbrook in New York City. The media coverage of Willowbrook in *** showed the horrible conditions peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Law1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthe publi c school system in America is failing to meet the educational standards. The public education is lack of focus to teach their students abilities and skills and is lack of funds, supplies and resources to improve the learning and educational experiences for students. Public schools getting worse and worse according to critics and experts. The United States is being beaten by other nations with higher test scores and the government have being trying to close the achievement gap and make the

New Barbie Doll produced by Mattel Free Essays

Who is our target ( give brief lifestyle/attitudinal descriptions. Include some demographics, but not as important for most products. Users, heavy users, nonusers, users of competitive brands? Relationship to other product/ service usage? Emarati girls and their parents are the primary market for the new Islamic Barbie doll. We will write a custom essay sample on New Barbie Doll produced by Mattel or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The highly religious, orthodox group still follows the fundamental Islamic traditions, including the formal dress and head coverings for women.   The most likely to purchase these dolls would be Emarati living in the United States or Europe, or those that are more wealthy and indulgent in the Islamic nations.   Mattel hopes to reach these consumers in the UAE. Where are we now in the mind of the person? (They don’t know us. They know us but don’t use us. They prefer another brand because†¦ they don’t understand what we can do. They don’t use us for enough things. And so on.) The traditions of the Islamic culture differ greatly from American culture.   This could initially present as a source of mistrust on the part of the Islamic consumer.   However, Mattel’s willingness to offer Farah will go a long way to melting this distrust.   In addition, the wild popularity of Barbie will give Farah some brand association along with the wide variety of peripheral products. Where is our competition in the mind of this person?   (Use the same approach as above, but focus on the competing brands). With few Islamic dolls on the market, Mattel should be well positioned to be the leader in marketing its products to Emarati girls.   The only real competition should come from small, family stores in Islamic countries and in predominantly Islamic areas of the United States and Europe. What is the consumer promise, the â€Å"big idea†? ( State the major focus of your campaign. Not a slogan or tag line at this stage, but an idea in simple language that will serve as the basis for a tag line – a brief statement that sums up what the campaign is about.) Mattel hopes to use cultural identity and promotion as the key idea for the marketing of Farah.   Embracing culture means healthy young women. What is the supporting evidence? (Draw on consumer benefits to strengthen and elaborate on what you chose in item 5. build benefit after benefit in support of your big idea.) Diversity and acceptance are becoming important concepts for global marketing.   With the shrinking borders of the world due to technology, cultural practices and values are no longer hidden.   Young Emarati girls will benefit from the knowledge that an international company is focusing on their own culture by promoting it through the Farah doll. What is the tone of voice for the advertising? ( Decide on the appropriate tone – warm, family, values, startling, hi-tech, sobering fact, mild guilt, and so on†¦) The tone of the advertising should be a warm and inviting tone which focuses, as the Arab nations due, on family strength and traditional values. How to cite New Barbie Doll produced by Mattel, Essay examples

Childcare Grant Proposal Click Here to Get Free Solution

Question: Discuss about organizations mission, organizational information, kiddie land child cares current budget and program financial information? Answer: Organizations mission Kiddie Land Child Care mission is organized and developed to provide a loving, supportive, safe and educational environment for families who need infant, pre-school and school-age care for their children. We offer both full and part-time programs. The education we provide is based on developmental theories and child-centered methodologies that would help the kids socially, emotionally, physically, and intellectually. Purpose of Request Purpose of funds will be to expand and create more before/ after school and summer activities tailored to meeting the intellectual, moral, social, emotional, and physical needs of each child. Recreational activities such as playground equipment as well as books, supplies and developmental learning tools will be purchased to expand and enhance the various learning programs offered at our facility. The purchase of a vehicle and personnel will allow us to transport children to local playgrounds, libraries and educational facilities within the community. Organizational information Founded in 2011, Kiddie Land Child Care was established to provide child care services in the Landover, Hyattsville, Maryland area. Kiddie Land Child Care has been serving the needs of the community for 5 years by providing quality child care services. We have expanded into providing after care as well as tutoring services. Kiddie Land Child Care has accomplished providing diverse child care services for all types of children. We encourage integrating all children from all backgrounds into a mentally stimulating program. Kiddie Land Child Care was faced with the challenge of having to reduce its program from all day care to after care/tutoring services because of the high cost of childcare. Parents complained of the lack of funds to pay for child care and had to result in family centered child care. Kiddie Land Child Care used the strategy of downsizing personnel, supplies and services to keep facility open to minimum running capacity. The one to three year goals of Kiddie Land Child Care is to expand into a larger facility in order to expand more reading and literacy services to the community. Offering a safe and nurturing environment, while preparing children academically and socially is our major goal. The working structure of the board includes one member, Misty Roane. The director, Misty Roane is ultimately responsible for all decisions that are made. The director utilizes experience, regulatory laws as well as best practices during strategic planning, fundraising, financial oversight and decision-making (Murray 2012). Program Design Kiddie Land Child Care addresses the need of the Landover community by providing quality educational and childcare services. Many working parents need childcare and homework assistance for their children. Kiddie Land Child Cares goal is to strengthen Hyattsvilles community by offering a bridge between work and family life by creating a special place that supports them both (White 2013). According to data located on school digger.com, most Prince Georges County elementary schools located in the Landover area score average or below average on standardized tests. The 2015 average standard test score is 21.11% showing a need for literacy, early learning and other activities that promote and assist in improving students academic achievement. Providing before/ after care services as well as summer care services will help prepare the children for the upcoming school day, upcoming tests or the upcoming school year. Offering various remedial activities and programs to children will help ensure they are up to speed on required assignments and tests (Fiene 2013). Kiddie Land Child Care believes recruiting and empowering employees to do their best in order to provide the best quality care. They provide child care services in Hyattsville, Maryland. 3 staff members run the overall operations of the child care. The staff members include Misty Roane, Cecelia Lockett, Lead Teacher and Rhonda Thacker; staff member. Kiddie Land Child care is uniquely positioned to address this population because all staff members have extensive experience in childcare. With a combined experience of 40 years, all staff members are all highly experienced. Kiddie Land Child Care is also located off heavily populated Landover 202 road as well as conveniently located off the Landover subway and bus lines (Brigham and Johns 2012). Kiddie Land Child Care goals address the TNI objective by providing reading, math, science, cultural diversity and other before/after care and summer enrichment activities that promote academic achievement. Outcomes Kiddie Land Child Care has been successful in assisting children with homework. The result has been the increase in homework and test scores for individual students (Pardamean and Setyodewi 2014). This grant will enable Kiddie Land Child Care to implement integration to accomplish their care services to the children. Financial management The financial budget for Kiddie Land Child Care could be planned with the budget of $15,000. The budget will include all financial aspect of the organization. Kiddie Land Child Care are facing financial crisis. Therefore, they cannot make the proper care for their children. The budget will include funds for playground, new equipments such as books, suppliers and developing learning tools. The budget will also include a vehicle for children. The current year Budget for the Institution Area of Requirement Investment ($) Buy a new Car $8000 Funds for Equipments (Books, Computer and others) $3000 Build a Play ground $4000 Total amount $15000 The last year budget for the institute was $13000. Therefore, it increases by more than 10%. It affects their grants. The organization could apply for the grant from the local government. The local government may help their projects to enhance their workability. Kiddie Land Child Cares current budget is The current budget of the organization is $15000, which is increased by 10%. It creates the adverse effect on the organizational growth. The childcare organization has stopped many facilities to the children due to the low budget. Capacity Building The capacity building program has been decreased, as Kiddie Land Child Care is facing financial crisis at their organization and not able to provide proper services to the children. They are getting help from the guardians of the children. Therefore, the organization has failed to provide before school and after school care. The institute has appealed to the local government for raising the funds in order to provide proper facilities to the children (Pezet 2014). Their financial crisis allows them to downsize the key personnel, services and supplies to run the organization in minimum facilities. Organization Financial Info The organization has been largely affected by the increasing pricing of the childcare program. Kiddie Land Child Care has collected their funds from various nonprofit organizations and social care services. The local government is also a source of the organization to raise funds for their program. The organization also tries to collect funds from the various business groups that provide enough support to the nonprofit organizations for maintaining their corporate social responsibility (Azubuike and Oguzor 2013). Program Financial Information The organization has been trying to gather funds from various sources. They need to build a strategy in order to restart their stopped services. The learning outcome of the organization has been downgraded due to their low budget. Misty Roane, the director of the organization has clearly said that the purpose of the organization is to provide safe and nurturing environment to the children. Their financial budget has increased by 10% in compared to last year. Therefore, the organization has appealed for help to the local government so that they could provide the proper care services to the children (Ahmed and Goodwin 2012). Reference: Ahmed, M. and Goodwin, D. 2012. Market orientation and performance in private universities. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 30(3), pp.339-357. Azubuike, O. and Oguzor, U. 2013. Consideration of Culture in the Development of Homeeconomics Curriculum in Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research. Brigham, K. and Johns, M. 2012.Predictive health. New York: Basic Books. Fiene, R. 2013. A Comparison of International Child Care and US Child Care Using the Child Care Aware NACCRRA Child Care Benchmarks.ICEP, 7(1), pp.60-66. Murray, K. 2012.The ultimate child care marketing guide. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press. Pardamean, B. and Setyodewi, H. 2014. Information System Model of A Work-Plan Budget. JSW, 9(5). Pezet, N. 2014. Personnel Review: successes and challenges. Personnel Review, 43(2). White, J. 2013. Budget-makers and health care systems.Health Policy, 112(3), pp.163-171.

How the works selected relate to life as we know it

Sample Example Paragraph - Junk Food Junkie

Sample Example Paragraph - Junk Food Junkie One way to make our writing more vivid and interesting is to add examples that support a main point. The following student  paragraph is clearly organized and effectively developed with specific examples. The one thing the paragraph lacks is a satisfactory concluding sentence. Respond to the questions that follow Junk Food Junkie, and see if you can come up with a good ending for the paragraph. Junk Food Junkie I confess: I am the worst junk food junkie in this great gluttonous galaxy of sugar, salt, and fat. You can keep your lentils, granola, and prunes. I want calories and carbohydrates, burgers and fries. Within minutes after waking up grouchy and puffy eyed in the morning, I stumble to the kitchen and pour myself a tall glass of ice cold Pepsi. Ahh! My tongue tingles and my eyes pop open. I then have the energy to eat. I rummage through the refrigerator, push aside the yogurt and apples, and there it is: a slice of congealed pepperoni pizza. Thats enough to get me off to school and through my first class. Of course, I then head to the store on my first break for a Snickers bar and a Diet Mountain Dew. The lite soft drink, you see, compensates for the calories in the candy. An hour or two later, for lunch, I gobble down a row of Golden Double Stuf Oreos and a peanut butter sandwich, all sloshed down with a pint of chocolate milk. Later in the afternoon I stop at Five Guys to devour a do uble bacon cheeseburger and a monster order of sodium-loaded fries. Finally, before going to bed, I knock off a bag of Philly Cheese Steak Rippled Potato Chipsdripping with onion dip. Study Questions The writer uses chronological order to organize her examples. List the time transitions that you find in the paragraph.  (See  Cohesion Strategies: Transitional Words and Phrases.)Identify the short sentences used by the writer to guide us from the Pepsi example to the pizza example.What sentence does the writer use to guide us from the pizza example to the next example?Create a sentence that you think would conclude this sentence effectively. For sample responses to these study questions, go to page two. Here are sample responses to the study questions that accompany the student paragraph developed with examplesJunk Food Junkieon page one. (1) The time transitions in this paragraph include Within minutes after waking, then, An hour or two later, Later, and Finally.(2) and (3) These sentences should be easy to spot:- Ahh! My tongue tingles and my eyes pop open. I then have the energy to eat.- Thats enough to get me off to school and through my first class.Note that complete sentencesas well as individual words and phrasescan be used to make smooth transitions in a paragraph.(4) Various answers are possible. Heres the concluding sentence that appeared in the students original paragraph: Only then do I drift off to sleep, counting onion rings in the deep fry and hot dogs on the grill. See also: Sample Example Paragraph: Confessions of a Slob.

Should catholic priests be allowed to marry Essay

Should catholic priests be allowed to marry - Essay Example The vow of celibacy is not as simple as it sounds when the priests are taking it due to the temptations surrounding the world’s lifestyle and considering they are not cloistered religious men but mingle freely and interact with others. An interview of Fr. Sullivan by the New York Times yields that there are a section of Catholic Priests in various parts of the world who are married but still perform the same church duties as the rest of the celibate priests without any hindrance. Their wives assist them perform God’s work not hinder them (Oppenheimer 1). There has been a recent decrease in the number of ordained Catholic priests as the number of the Christians faithful continues to increase. According to the cbs news (Quijano), this shortage in the catholic priests has even necessitated the Roman Catholic Church to take up what is seemed as â€Å"unorthodox methods† of seeking former Anglican priests (who are married and with children and do not subscribe to the Roman Catholic Church doctrines) to fill up the blank positions. Statistics indicate that the number of Catholic priests has reduced from approximately 59,000 in 1975 to around 39,000 as of 2012. This is relation to the increase in number of followers by approximately 17million between 1975 and 2012. These statistics are only for United States of America and not in other countries all over the world. According to critics, this shortage is as a result of the celibacy vow which even though people want to become priests and serve God, the vow restricts them from marrying whereas many of them want to have their own family to continue their family lineage. Allowing marriage for the celibate priests will prevent and even tone down some of the â€Å"ungodly† behavior always being aired in the media including claims of sodomy with young boys, having multiple female sexual partners with some having their babies (which always is done in the dark). This

Lecture review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lecture - Movie Review Example Judaism has and continues to be the true identity of a Jew despite it just being a religion which over time has closely intertwined with their culture and to a greater degree act as a seam that holds the whole nation of Israel together. Most notably is the role of Judaism in legalizing or illegalizing certain food components and at the same time determining the calendar used in that part of the world despite the rest of the world use of a totally different system. In addition, the preservation of the Hebrew language is mainly attributed to ardent following of Judaism. In as much as Judaism continues to be a pillar of the Jews in more ways than one, it cannot be referred to as an ethnicity due to the fact that there have been new converts from other ethnic groups who have embraced Judaism despite it having arisen from Jews who are a single ethnic group. In their practice of monotheism to God, the Jews offer their service to God through adhering to the commandments set out in the five law books, academia, prayer and supplication in a bid to remain faithful to the commandment they made with God. Contrary to a host of numerous world religions, Judaism is unique in the sense that it does not impose its beliefs on a population for them to acquire redemption. Rather, Judaism requires its followers and would be potential followers to practice Judaism as opposed to just confessing by word. The religion accepts new converts following adequate discernment by well-versed Judaism leaders and spiritual directors. The credible and approved source of Judaic teachings is the Bible that is composed of the Five Law books written by Moses. Historical books about the rich history of the Jews. The Prophetic books which provide God’s promises of the thing to come and the writings from prominent and inspired leaders of the former time who in a way shaped their destiny. In addition to the Bible, there exist other sources of religious teachings. These are the total of six volumes of debated and approved Jewish legislations, customs to be followed by every Jew as well as the laws to govern them called the Mishnah. The other source is the Gemara which is a record of debates from former rabbis, conversations and commentaries by the then teachers of law. In essence the two additional reference documents are referred to as the Talmud, which has continued over time to be an authority in as far as teaching Judaism is concerned. The daily life of a practicing Jew is centered on the family and it generally includes prayers, which are carried out at tree specific times of day in accordance with the teachings – morning time, in the afternoon, and at as the sun sets.(Kalmin et al, 2003) This is blended by communal times of worship, the religious observances that are held in the synagogues which are their sacred places of worship and are conducted by a rabbi, a cantor or a knowledgeable member of the congregation or a well schooled religious teacher who has atten ded a religious Jewish formation house. Other rituals that Judaism practicing adherents partake include circumcision of all their male children on their eight day after birth, in accordance with the covenant that was made between the Jews and God and carried out by Moses. It is regarded as a physical sign of tjheir covenant and in Hebrew is referred to as

The Death Of Steve Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Death Of Steve Job - Essay Example Reuters has apparently stated that the new play on Steve Jobs titled â€Å"The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs† which is going to hit the Public Theatre screens next week is not a straight homage to Jobs. Although aware of Jobs’ imminent death out of his chronic ailment, the production team of the play did not know the exact date of Jobs’ death during the process of their production of the play. But the homage tint on the release date cannot completely be washed out. Viewers of the play would certainly sense the eulogy in it. The homage aspect of the news of Reuter is pure rhetoric which insists a mourner not to weep. Had Jobs been alive on the release date of the play, then Reuter would have certainly shed the term ‘homage’. The Time of India has cited Jobs’ saying â€Å"Don’t let the noise of others drown out your own inner voice. And the most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.† The attempt of the n ews is to sneak into the hearts of readers and into their intuition. This is also an approach similar to that of Reuter by highlighting a ‘NO’ to stress a ‘YES’. FirstPost has openly expressed its fear over the future of APPLE by saying, â€Å"it will take time to judge whether the company, without Jobs, will continue to have the ability to change the rules in whatever industry it enters as before.† Although every reader would be aware that the loss of a CEO would have its impact on the development of a firm.

Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues

Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues Socrates and Aristotle are both ancient philosophers. In their work they both taught on the idea of ethics and virtues. They believed in virtues but their understanding of what is means to be virtuous were different (Lutz, 1998). This is why their teaching on virtue as well as their lives and decisions contradicted. This paper is a critical comparison between Aristotles account of virtue and Socrates account of virtue. The similarity that exists in these teachings is that they believed in existence of virtues and taught their students on what is means to be virtuous only from their different understanding. The two philosophers believed in individuals possessing intellectual virtues. The common thread on the teachings of the two was the fact that people possessed certain virtues (Lutz, 1998). The virtues represent the most significant qualities for a person to possess. The two philosophers taught that having virtues was advantageous. Nevertheless, there are various differences on the way each understood and approached the subject. The differences in the accounts of virtues by the two philosophers are not only revealed in their teachings but also their way of life. Both Aristotle and Socrates were charged with impiety, but their differing understanding of what is virtuous and right led them to different actions. When Socrates was convicted to death, he accepted it and allowed himself to be executed. When he was offered to pay a fine for his crime he refused. He also refused to honour the pleas of Plato and his other students to run away in a boat they had ready for that purpose. Socrates is known to be a man who lived what he preached (Sherman, 1997). He refused to break the law even in the face of death and wanted to set a good example to his students. In a way through his act, he answered some of the questions he had posed to his students on virtue and courage. His actions also lived up to the fact that he advocated for friendship and true sense of commonality. This is what led Socrates to willingly accept hi s death sentence when most people thought he would flee. Socrates believed that running away from the authority amounted to going against his communitys will. As a pursuit of personal happiness, Aristotle on the other hand refused to accept his charges and fled. This is because Aristotles thinking was based on individual happiness and pleasure (Sherman, 1989). Unlike Socrates, when Aristotle was charged with impiety, he took the easy way out. He ran away rather than stay to face the charges. This tells us a lot about Aristotle. This is also evident in his argument that the final goal of human beings is happiness. He argued that living a virtuous life is something pleasurable. In his argument, the virtuous man takes pleasure in living a virtuous life. In his argument, it seems like devoid of virtues, a person cannot achieve happiness. It is like virtue is the linking aspect to happiness. This is in contrast with the theory of Socrates who argues that the best way of life is focusing on self-development instead of pursuing material things (Lutz, 1998). In his teachings, Socrates never revealed answers, nor did he reveal the truth. Socrates never taught the truth but taught his students how to find the truth by themselves. He just taught his students to discover. Socrates knew that no person could answer the questions concerning courage, virtue and duty to his satisfaction. People just claimed to be virtuous and courageous without really knowing what this meant (Sherman, 1989). On the part of Aristotle, being virtuous was a thing that people could not only understand but also achieve. Aristotle disagrees with Socrates in arguing that ethics is primarily about virtues. Socrates also argues that a person can have virtues without necessarily having the kind of knowledge that typifies mathematics of nature science. Aristotle is capable of demonstrating that ethics and personal interest may be related, that ethics is well-suited to common sense, and that a virtuous person is capable of achieving rational decisions. Aristotle also made a distinction between two kinds of virtues; ethical and intellectual. Ethical virtues come about through habitual actions. He argued that people are born with the capacity to live a virtuous life. He also argues that education is essential in establishing human capability to make virtuous acts habitual. Aristotle believed that people have to act virtuously as much as they can and by doing so they make a step in becoming virtuous. He also believes that ethical virtues need to be attended with pleasure. He believed that human beings cannot be exposed to pain when they are acting virtuously. If a person is exposed to pain as a result of an action, then he cannot be considered virtuous (Sherman, 1989). Unlike Socrates who believed in doing what is right, Aristotle believed that too much and too little are always wrong. He argued that virtuous acts are always midway states between the contrasting vices of excess and deficiency. This is unlike the idea of Socrates where there was no compromise or flexibility in being good. Aristotles theory of virtues allows for flexibility. Socrates stresses that virtue was the most important possession and that life must be lived in pursuit of good (Sherman, 1997). While both of the philosophers believed in the benefit of having virtues, it is Socrates who stresses more than Aristotle the importance of the virtues. In his Socrates view there is no go between; people had to be good. In Socrates theory the idea of happiness and pleasure brings in an aspect of compromise. Between the two philosophers, it is Socrates who forms the best example of living a virtuous life.

Prayer In Public Schools :: Religion in Public Schools

Should a Catholic school be reimbursed by the state for school supplies? Should there be time set aside in school for kids to pray? These are some of the many questions the U.S. Supreme Court asks themselves when they are confronted with cases involving religion in school. Although there are some sound supporting arguments for prayer in school, the opposing arguments more than justify the non-religious atmosphere of public school. Supporting arguments for In School Prayer have little validity. For instance one argument is that the framers of the constitution were religious, so they didn’t mean to prohibit all government sponsored prayer or acknowledgment of â€Å"GOD.† This is assuming one way just to be in favor of the In School Prayer idea. Pro-Prayer activists also believe that it is VERY important for the nation’s children to have religious values instilled in them. I strongly disagree with this statement solely because they are assuming that someone without a religion has lower or no values as compared to a religious person. Valid arguments on this side of the issue are rare, but they do exist. One example is that in public polls, seventy-eight percent of the nations thinks prayer in public schools is a good idea. This logical at first, but the truth is many polls convey the notion that voluntary prayer before, after, and during school is forbidden. Another argument addresses the fact that religion is already everywhere anyway. It is on our currency, our leaders are sworn into office with reference to â€Å"GOD,† and our flag salute also contains religious statements. These are good points to address, however, I believe they are wrong as well. †Two wrongs don’t make a right.† Opposing arguments are a lot more convincing than the supporting points. First of all, students have the right to conduct religious practices on school property, so there is no need to set aside specific time in the curriculum

Romeo and Juliet Movie Comparison

In Franco Zeffirelli’s 1968 version of  Romeo and Juliet, is a traditional adaptation of Shakespeare’s original Romeo and Juliet, with some variations. Baz Luhrmann directed the 1996 version, also known as the MTV  Romeo †  Juliet. This version is very modernized, but keeps the language intact with few changes. There are many differences between Zeffirelli’s  Romeo and Juliet  and the Signet version of  Romeo and Juliet. Romeo’s entire speech that begins â€Å"Alas that love, whose view is muffled still, Should without eyes see pathways to his will! † (at act 1 scene 1 line 174) is deleted.With the deletion of these lines, the audience, is not privy to his longing for Rosaline. Even though Friar Lawrence mentions Rosaline later in the movie, we are not shown Romeo as a boy whose heart is easily captured, but rather, ready to be caught. In Luhrmann’s version of  Romeo †  Juliet,  this scene, even though cut in some ways , is shown with Romeo writing in his diary. He talks of his love, but he does not seem like he’s in love, but rather a repressed adolescent or a typical teen. Romeo doesn’t confide later to Benvolio as in the Signet version.In the MTV version of  Romeo †  Juliet,  the Nurse’s role is cut considerably. Her speech about â€Å"weaning† Juliet, and Juliet falling with her first steps, and the reference to the earthquake are deleted. This is a major change because it completely changes the dynamics of the relationship between the Nurse and Juliet. We do not get the same sense of closeness between the two as we do in the Zeffirelli film. We also do not see the scene where the Nurse tells about Romeo’s banishment and Tybalt’s death. The reason for this is because of the speed of the film.Luhrmann keeps the pace of this film at very high speeds, and when you look back at the text, the Nurse’s role slows the pace considerably. Sheâ₠¬â„¢s older, she’s slower, and she’s trying to extend her importance to Juliet and Romeo, but in the MTV Version, her role is cut drastically, which only contributes to Juliet’s isolation. In both movies, the presence of Paris at Juliet’s grave is discluded. This is probably for the better. While reading the play, it seemed like overkill, like just one more obstacle to prevent Romeo from getting to Juliet. Even though the audience know the outcome, they are still anxious to see Romeo get to her.Plus it helped keep the movies within two hours, give or take some. We also do not get the lamentation speeches from Juliet’s family after her fake death. Both films go straight to the funeral. The film allows directors to keep the audience from investing too much grief for the family by swiftly showing the funeral. The lamentation speeches of Shakespeare’s plays were needed, because they did not have the same visual choice that the filmmakers of toda y have. Romeo, being one of the protagonists of  Romeo and Juliet, is played very differently between Leonardo De Caprio and Leonard Whiting.While Leonard Whiting plays the typical adolescent to a tee, Leonardo De Caprio has much more depth and expresses his anguish in much more dramatic ways. For example, when Romeo being played by De Caprio is challenged by Tybalt he knows the consequence of his fighting and tries with all his might to prevent fighting with Tybalt, even though Tybalt is kicking his butt. We get the impression that he is truly trying to befriend him and make him understand that fighting should be left aside and that there will be great regrets. In Zeffirelli's version, Leonard Whiting plays a younger spirited Romeo.When Whiting is challenged by Tybalt, he is playful and does try to prevent a fight, but it is more with playful words and not because he knows the consequence of the fight or duel. We also get the feeling that De Caprio is much more mature than Whitin g. While Whiting plays a lovesick kid from an upper class family, he still appears to be naive and does not grow to the depths that De Caprio does. From the very beginning, De Caprio is seen as a street smart, savvy, mature young man. His writing in his diary shows us depths that does not show on Whiting, where he is only twirling a twig of flowers.The balcony scene is another scene that shows the differences between the two actors. In the '68 version, Whiting is very childish and playful. He plays around in the trees while he's waiting for Juliet. This reminded me of the young Kevin Costner in  Silverado  when he was swinging from the jail cell bars, showing his youth. He is also like a puppy, very young and immature; he seems unconcerned about his safety; he only has eyes for Juliet. We can see that is his only thought or concern. When he leaves we see him jumping and skipping, and once again we are aware of his youth. Leonardo De Caprio shows much more passion and desire.We d o not get the sense of immaturity with De Caprio, but rather a sense of manhood. His eyes show deep desire, like he knows what she looks like naked. He also is very sure and thrilled, he is aware of the danger by his presence and takes caution to be careful. Whiting seemed oblivious to his danger. His only concern is his love and desire for Juliet. De Caprio is more aware of the consequences of their love; Whiting is only aware of his love. One of the most important relationships in  Romeo and Juliet  is the relationship between the Nurse and Juliet. In Act 1, Scene 3 we are introduced to the most vivid character of the play, the Nurse.With her speech that begins â€Å"Even or odd, of all days in the year, Come Lammas Eve at night shall she be fourteen. † (1. 3. 16-48), we learn that she nursed Juliet, she lost a child the same age as Juliet, and also lost her husband. The Nurse’s role is very important to Juliet. The Nurse is the one that is there for Juliet, she is her confidant, she is her friend. This is especially important near the end of the play when Juliet realizes she is alone after the Nurse tells her to go ahead and commit bigamy and marry Paris. In Zeffirelli's  Romeo and Juliet  the Nurse plays the role of the Nurse as it's written in the play.She is affectionate; she is giggly, and loving. We see Juliet and the Nurse being openly affectionate with each other and can tell from this film that Juliet depends on the Nurse. This is especially so when Lady Capulet tells Juliet about the marriage to Paris. After Juliet gives her â€Å"I'll look to like, if looking liking move† (1. 3. 97) speech, she looks to the Nurse for approval. After the Nurse smiles back at Juliet, we see relief and trust in Juliet's eyes. In Luhrmann's version of  Romeo †  Juliet,  we get a very different version of the Nurse, and a very different version of Juliet because of the changes.The Nurses speech about how she weaned Juliet and the r eference to the earthquake are omitted. The affection that is so apparent in the Zeffirelli version is non-existent in the MTV version. This changes the character of Juliet considerably. She is perceived as more isolated and alone from the very beginning. We see her as a teen that does not have someone to confide in other than God. When the Nurse tells her to commit bigamy, we do not get the same sense of betrayal as we do with the Zeffirelli version. There Juliet was extremely pained and had to take a stand for herself, by herself, for the first time in her life.As the Nurse is Juliet's confidant, the Friar is Romeo's trusting friend. In the MTV version of  Romeo †  Juliet, Pete Postiethwaite plays a very different Friar compared to the 1968 version and the text. Pete Postiethwaite plays a tattoo bearing, Jerry Garcia-like horticulturist who is Romeo's only confidant. Milo O'Shea's version of the Friar is very sympathetic and caring. He only has the best of intentions in min d. Friar Lawrence is very important to Romeo. The Friar is the one who guides him and also picks him up when he is down.Even though both Friars are different in appearance and personality, I believe they both portray a very sympathetic, caring friend to both Romeo and Juliet. The Friar may ultimately be the one to blame, but he only led Romeo and Juliet because he believed their union would bring the feuding families together. I believe both played a regretful Friar when it all ended. The '96 version shows Friar Lawrence frantically tracking the express letter. He is sweating and projects urgency into his voice, albeit his role in the church is omitted.In the '68 version, when the Friar sees the Page outside the tomb, he frantically rushes to Juliet's side. He is careful with Juliet but in the end must abandon her to escape blame. Once again Juliet is abandoned. The most dynamic conflict is between Tybalt and Romeo. Tybalt is not nearly as literate or well spoken as Romeo, plus he h arbors much hate for Romeo. In both films we get the sense that Tybalt might be aware of Romeo's and Juliet's love during Capulets party, even though it is not played out any farther, but may be the fuel for Tybalt's challenge.In Zeffirelli's film, Romeo, Leonard Whiting, is oblivious to Tybalt's challenge and when he is called a â€Å"Villain† he does not seem fazed, while Tybalt, played by Michael York, is extremely perplexed. He does not understand why he is not getting a reaction from Romeo. He came ready to fight, and when Romeo does not face his challenger, Tybalt tries to provoke Romeo by slapping his hand away and smelling his own, as if Romeo has a stench. But Romeo is still not provoked, and his friend Mercutio steps up to the plate for him. The fight between Mercutio and Tybalt is light hearted and playful.The crowd is laughing and cheering them on. The only one who sees the seriousness is Romeo, who is trying to stop them. Once Mercutio is killed, Romeo is fueled and goes after Tybalt. The conflict for Romeo is revenge for his friend's death. The fight between Romeo and Tybalt takes on a much more serious tone; the crowd is no longer cheering and laughing. The anger and hatred show in both characters. They are fighting till the end. In Luhrmann's version, Tybalt, played by John Leguizamo, is very much like a gang member whose mind is set on destroying Romeo. He appears much more dangerous and dark and looming.When Romeo, De Caprio, appears, he is instantly aware of Tybalt's hatred and is concerned for both their safeties. Tybalt is determined to go after Romeo, whether or not Romeo wants to fight. When Romeo tries to shake his hand, Tybalt slaps it away and attacks Romeo from behind when Romeo starts to walk away. Romeo keeps yelling to stop, he does not want to fight, but Tybalt is relentless. It isn't until Mercutio steps in that the scene changes to their fight and Mercutio's death. Mercutio's death is what fuels Romeo to fight and go aft er Tybalt. Romeo shows courage and hate, and he’s screaming at Tybalt.It is highly emotional and charged. Romeo is aware of his consequences if he goes farther, but Tybalt pushed him to the limit. Then he kills Tybalt. De Caprio instantly regrets his actions. The setting for Zeffirelli's film is in classical Verona. The set has many domineering walls and tons of concrete. It gives the feeling of coldness. The only warmth is the balcony scene, with the trees and soft lighting. The setting keeps the audience's attention on the actors and helps them to see the actors as Shakespeare may have directed them. In Luhrmann's version, the town is called Verona, but resembles downtown Los Angeles more than Italy.The set is current and up to date. It did not try to recreate Shakespeare, but rather, to show how Shakespeare evolves. The physical location of this film helps to understand the story better. It uses our own experiences and our own visual setting, and even though the language i s still hard to understand, the setting brings it all together. Luhrmann handles the death scene very differently from the text and Zeffirelli's  Romeo and Juliet. Luhrmann's version is much more intense and more tragic. It begins with Romeo, De Caprio, fleeing from the cops. There is a lot of action, with noise and intense music, to keep the audience in suspense.We even see the apothecary scene which is deleted from the '68 version. When Romeo gets to the church he takes a man hostage before he enters the church. This also adds to the suspense. Once inside the church, and not a tomb, Romeo shows many of his emotions through his facial expressions. We can see the fear and foreboding in his eyes. The church is tacky with neon crosses and lights shaped as candles. When Romeo finally reaches Juliet, Claire Danes, he shows concern and anguish in his eyes over her death. He is crying, and the audience can see his pain. He lies next to her,   pets her and cries uncontrollably.We can t ell he understands that death is final. Juliet begins to awaken from her self-induced sleep right as Romeo takes his deadly poison. We want Romeo to see Juliet is still awake, but he is too late. The look in his eyes as he becomes aware of Juliet is heart wrenching. It's that realization that he has made a mistake. While Romeo is still alive, Juliet whispers her line â€Å"O Churl! Drunk all and left no friendly drop to help me after? I will kiss thy lips† This final kiss is so sweet and so desperate. If only Romeo saw Juliet's hand move. Juliet's choice of weapon in this movie is a revolver, rather than a dagger.She blows her brains out. In Zeffirelli's  Romeo and Juliet, the scene is not changed much from the text, except we do not see Romeo, Leonard Whiting, go to the apothecary. As mentioned previously, the only omission is Paris as it is in the Luhrmann film; otherwise, it is true to Shakespeare. Romeo breaks the door of the tomb down with a rock. We do not get the sam e sense of urgency as we do in the MTV version. The tomb is dark and dingy and full of dead people. When he sees Juliet, Olivia Hussey, he is still very childlike and actually smiles. This gives the audience a sense that he does not realize the finality of death.He tries to awaken Juliet with soft, cooing words. He does not seem serious until he sees Tybalt, who is not present in the Luhrmann film. At this point, he makes his final speech and says good-bye to life. This is where we get the feeling that Romeo is finally getting it: death is the end, and there is no turning back. When he takes his last kiss from Juliet, he cries for the first time and does show anguish. In the Zeffirelli version, the Friar comes into the tomb right as Romeo dies. This scene is omitted from the '96 version. The Friar sees the outcome of his actions.He takes responsibility for the fate of these children. When Juliet wakens he tries to protect her from the news of Romeo's death. He pulls her gently away from where Romeo is lying. But he fails to protect her, and she finds Romeo all the same, at which point the Friar leaves. Juliet looks at Romeo with concern and confusion. She kisses him, and then cries like a child at the fact that he is gone and she is there. She kisses him all over his face; she does not want to give up, but then she hears a noise and finds the dagger. The final scene with them dead seems to embody them; they will be eternally beautiful.

EA Sports’ Keys to Success Essays

EA Sports’ Keys to Success Essays EA Sports’ Keys to Success Essay EA Sports’ Keys to Success Essay Electronic Humanistic disciplines or EA Sports is considered to be one of the taking companies every bit far as the gambling industry is concerned. With its wide scope of company support from among its different constitutions across the Earth. EA Sports continues with its thrust to take the battalion of the companies in both offline and on-line bet oning systems. Apparently. the assorted methods employed by EA Sports in footings of artworks design. selling. production and client directions are merely some of the important and every bit important factors which have mostly contributed to the company’s success over the past few old ages. It can be noted that the company has underwent major developments through the old ages. particularly since the cyberspace is continuously germinating. As the line of merchandises and services being offered by the company began to spread out dramatically. the demand for betterments in order to remain afloat the competition in the competitory universe of bet oning rose proportionately. As a affair of fact. EA Sports is continuously developing more and more game merchandises which comparatively match the developments in the hardware used for the package games. On the other manus. the company has besides developed the graphical content of its package games in about the full class of the being of the company manner back in 1982. This can be attributed to the fact that the demand for games which meet the demands of of all time increasing bet oning public-service corporations have besides increased. It can besides be attributed to the changeless inflow of thoughts spurred by the company’s game developers which. by all agencies. guides the way of the company in the context of the available engineering. With these general things in head. it is every bit of import to look into the inside informations as to why EA Sports is a great company amidst the stiff competition in the gambling industry. Equal chances One of the grounds why EA Sports has become one of the world’s taking synergistic amusement package company is the fact that it aims at supplying an equal playing field for prospective employees. By giving draw a bead oning appliers the equal chance to portion and lend their endowment to the company. EA Sports has gained a broad scope of blessing from labour critics and brotherhoods. therefore giving the company an added advantage in furthering a healthy environment for the company. Peter Western states that people profess to believe in equal opportunity and that it necessarily amounts to stating that there is a certain cloth of penchant for a system which gives equal chance than those without ( Western. p. 837 ) . Equally far as EA Sports is concerned. there are indexs to deduce that the company has provided equal chances for people. In peculiar. the company has non discriminated employees and appliers in footings of gender and race to call a few. On the contrary. the company has strongly encouraged the sense of diverseness among its ranks and files. which is further elaborated in the company’s codifications of behavior. More significantly. the company has been able to keep a steadfast appreciation on the rule of doling out equal chances to assorted persons by set uping several subdivisions across the universe. EA Sports does non merely hold a broad array of subdivisions in America. It has besides working subdivisions in Asia and Europe which proves the point that the company does non merely purpose at a planetary laterality in the industry but besides aim a wider audience both for employees and clients. With a broader base support for prospective employees across boundaries from gender and race to nationality. the company has surpassed the undertaking of keeping a healthy blend of work force. Wider client range A. Leslie notes that complex interconnectednesss among topographic points and between the planetary and the local have ever existed ( Leslie. p. 404 ) . This gives the thought that companies taking at a successful planetary selling run should larn to cover with these complex interconnectednesss. One of the ways in accomplishing this terminal is to procure a broad client range. Given the fact that EA Sports has company divisions in the United States. Asia and in Europe to call a few. it can barely be doubted that the company has a broad client range. In fact. the company besides offers the clients the option to download some of its games online. This enables the client to straight buy games without even go forthing the amenitiess of their ain place. which goes without stating that a client from Asia can immediately buy games from the web site of the company that is based in the United States. Since EA Sports besides operates online. the company besides has a client-support system which greatly enhances the efficiency of communicating between the client and the company. With this strategy. the demands and questions of the clients are expeditiously addressed in the earliest clip possible which drastically reduces the clip spent on waiting for mail-clad responses from other companies. Further. EA Sports besides has an on-line forum for its games provided for its registered members. Since enrollment is free of charge and is done online. entree to the forum is comparatively easy. In kernel. the on-line forum provided by the company stimulates interpersonal communicating from among the members themselves inasmuch as it besides gives the company the capableness to supervise the recent treatments among its clients. It besides gives the company administrators to straight pass on and prosecute in a healthy treatment with the forum members. therefore giving manner to a refined system of updating the company’s public presentation in conformity to the demands and desires of the clients. The company’s web site besides features a list of updates with respect to its game characteristics and approaching events. This characteristic gives its browse clients the ability to maintain posted about the recent updates to the games they have purchased every bit good as the approaching events near their vicinity which may be of involvement to them. More significantly. this characteristic gives the company the upper manus in keeping a healthy figure of clients who invariably search for the recent gambling package available. further augmenting the figure of clients to the company. Ability to accommodate. follow and germinate It has been observed that a company’s ability to accommodate. follow and germinate is important to the endurance of any company. particularly when the company has direct connexions to the information and communications engineering sector ( Hans. Johanson and Seyed-Mohamed. p. 30 ) . EA Sports besides has the ability to accommodate to the current tendencies in the market with regard to engineering and follow the popular athleticss and leisure activities of the people. The latter is discernible in the manner in which the company has been able to integrate the several popular athleticss such as hoops and football into its bet oning market. For case. the company has been able to spread out its gambling lists by geting the rights to do games out of the NBA. FIFA. NFL and NCAA. As these games become more and more popular to both old and younger coevalss likewise. the demand for the package versions of these games has besides increased. Furthermore. EA Sports has been able to prolong its rights in doing package versions of these games. Since the construct of the first package version game of NBA. the company has continued to further better the graphical inside informations of the game. In comparing. NBA Live 2008 has more advanced graphical characteristics than its predecessors. The patterned advance of the game versions created by EA Sports has besides prompted a development in the characteristics available in these games. As Robinson and Chiang observes. forces alone to an single concern can give a intercrossed strategy for many grounds ( Robinson and Chiang. p. 856 ) . The same can be observed with EA Sports which. in its attempts to consolidate a big amount of its plan developments for the series of NBA Live for illustration. has resorted to legion alterations of its games. From the graphical interface experience of the user to the manner in which the user controls the game. EA Sports has routinely developed its series of popular games in order to increase the characteristics of the games and run into the steady flow of consumer outlooks. Further. the company is besides able to hammer other elements into the merchandises that it markets to the populace. One of these external elements is music. or the capableness of the company to integrate popular and several other lifting music both from established and recent sets. For case. EA Sports has late used the music of the set The Bravery in farther advancing the company’s latest release of its Madden NFL 2008 game. By making this strategy. the company has been able to non merely widen the range of the game to music partisans but besides increase the entreaty of the game itself. Merchandise enlargement EA Sports besides features a list of its expanded game characteristics which includes but is non limited to merchandises from jerseies to jackets. memorabilia points from playing cards to extremely individualized ware. and downloadable vocals. Putsis and Bayus point out that product line direction is an of import tool of competitory scheme used by houses in diverse strategies ( Putsis and Bayus. p. 110 ) . Therefore. merchandise line direction through the enlargement of the merchandises and services offered by the company is taken to be one manner for the company to strategically obtain an advantage over its rivals. Although the enlargement of merchandises by EA Sports translates to an addition in the operation disbursals of the company which are external to the basic proviso of resources to its chief merchandises. the success of the company in the competitory gambling industry can besides be shared with by merchandise enlargement. Decision EA Sports has been successful in taking the battalion of competitory companies in the gambling industry through its attempts in advancing its lines of merchandises and services. The uninterrupted development of the industry has prompted the company to farther polish its internal and external attempts to remain afloat the competition. Mentions Ea Sports Homepage . 2008. EA Sports. February 25 2008. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //easports. com gt ; . Hallen. Lars. Jan Johanson. and Nazeem Seyed-Mohamed. Interfirm Adaptation in Business Relationships. Journal of Marketing55. 2 ( 1991 ) : 30. Leslie. D. A. Global Scan: The Globalization of Advertising Agencies. Concepts. and Campaigns. Economic Geography71. 4 ( 1995 ) : 404. Putsis. William P. . and Barry L. Bayus. An Empirical Analysis of Firms’ Product Line Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research38. 1 ( 2001 ) : 110. Robinson. William T. . and Jeongwen Chiang. Product Development Strategies for Established Market Pioneers. Early Followers. and Late Entrants. Strategic Management Journal23. 9 ( 2002 ) : 856. Westen. Peter. The Concept of Equal Opportunity. Ethical motives95. 4 ( 1985 ) : 837.

Free Essays on Life Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning

The main ideas of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetic works changed constantly during her life, due to significant events occuring Spirituality was the main focus of Barrett’s writing from 1838 until 1844. Poetry became such a large part of her life due to a spinal injury in 1821 which left her relying on opium for a long period of time. As well as the ill-manners of her health, Barrett experienced the tragic death of her brother due to drowning in the year of 1838. These significant events left Barrett in a state of emotional turmoil. She found herself unable to live in the world of reality. For four years, she seperated herself from reality by locking herself in a bedroom. During this time, the only persons she conversed with was her family and one or two close friends. It was during this period that poetry became such a signifacant part of Barrett’s life. She began to write about Jesus, Angels, and other significant biblical characters. In the poem The Seraphim, two angels stand outside the Garden of Eden. It is there they describe and praise God for his awesome splendor and majesty. â€Å"Of earth, the God-created and God praised In hour of birth Where everynight the moon in light Doth lead waters silver faced? Where every day the sun doth lay A rapture to the heart of all The leafy and reeded pastoral, As if the joyous shout which burst From angel lips to see him first, Had left a silent echo in his ray?† (The Seraphim, 1838) The poem is a deep reflection of what Barrett feels inside at this time in her life. She is depressed, lonely and full of agony because of all the aweful things which are happening, so she turns to spirituality. She looks to God for renewal and strength, expressing his awesomeness in her poems, as she does here when describing the Holy God. Another poem written during the time of despair is titled The Virgin Mary to the Child Jesus. The poem is a... Free Essays on Life Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Free Essays on Life Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning The main ideas of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetic works changed constantly during her life, due to significant events occuring Spirituality was the main focus of Barrett’s writing from 1838 until 1844. Poetry became such a large part of her life due to a spinal injury in 1821 which left her relying on opium for a long period of time. As well as the ill-manners of her health, Barrett experienced the tragic death of her brother due to drowning in the year of 1838. These significant events left Barrett in a state of emotional turmoil. She found herself unable to live in the world of reality. For four years, she seperated herself from reality by locking herself in a bedroom. During this time, the only persons she conversed with was her family and one or two close friends. It was during this period that poetry became such a signifacant part of Barrett’s life. She began to write about Jesus, Angels, and other significant biblical characters. In the poem The Seraphim, two angels stand outside the Garden of Eden. It is there they describe and praise God for his awesome splendor and majesty. â€Å"Of earth, the God-created and God praised In hour of birth Where everynight the moon in light Doth lead waters silver faced? Where every day the sun doth lay A rapture to the heart of all The leafy and reeded pastoral, As if the joyous shout which burst From angel lips to see him first, Had left a silent echo in his ray?† (The Seraphim, 1838) The poem is a deep reflection of what Barrett feels inside at this time in her life. She is depressed, lonely and full of agony because of all the aweful things which are happening, so she turns to spirituality. She looks to God for renewal and strength, expressing his awesomeness in her poems, as she does here when describing the Holy God. Another poem written during the time of despair is titled The Virgin Mary to the Child Jesus. The poem is a...

Special Advertizing Campaigns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Special Advertizing Campaigns - Research Paper Example According to research conducted by the prestigious consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Interactive Advertising Bureau Poland Internet is still a dominant communication channel, it has even achieved a 12.9% increase year to year. In the research 29 entities took part and they presented data related to sales executed by external firms. The most dynamic segment has been search engine marketing which has increased by 3% compared to 2008 and in 2009 constituted 26% of total advertising expenses. The segment of advertisements and yellow pages noted a 5% value increase, whereas taking into consideration the share in the advertising types it has experienced a slight decline – 1%. E-mail marketing maintained its position of advertising expenses, that just like in 2008 amounted to 6%. In the research report, with the help of 14 entities: interactive agencies or interactive departments of advertising agencies took part , sum of net revenues of advertising agencies without medi a increased by 6.3% year to year (6.9% including media i.e. planned purchase and service of media by mediation of interactive agencies). ... The number of long-term projects lasting from 3 to 6 months has increased, whereas the number of projects executed within a month has halved. In total sales in 2009 there is a distinct share increase in motorization, transport, alcoholic beverages and telecommunication. While the following sectors: finances, commerce, hygiene, pharmacy, computers, fashion and books, DVD, food, tourism have reported a decline. According to 29% of researched agencies the interactive sector expects a 21-40% increase in sales in 2010; according to 21% of the researched the increase will amount to 5-10% and according to 14% of the researched the level of sales increase may exceed 61%. This report also reports that year 2009 has been the period of development of social portals engaging internauts. Social marketing has been the fastest developing segment in the US market. Among communities significant presence of business could be observed. Mobile segment turned out to be particularly strong. It is estimate d that in 2010 mobile advertising in Great Britain will increase by 38%. We would like to wish to the Internet sector next success in 2010. The Report has been divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 focused manily on Polish Internet market survey results. According to the InternetWorldStats data for December 2009, 27% people across world uses Internet. 42% Asians of all Internet users dominate among internauts. Whereas almost every fourth Internet user (24%) lives in Europe. According to GUS research of April 2009, 57% of Polish households used Internet. Next 2% did have access; remaining 41% did not have access to Internet due to lack of skills, lack of need & too much expense. According to the NetTrack research (Millward Brown SMG/KRC commissioned by

Review Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Review - Research Paper Example d the design, the InAlAs-InGaAs-lnP lattice matched epitaxial layers were developed by the organo metallic vapor phae epitaxy on the lnP:Fe substrate. The layer structure consisted of 25nm lnP:Fe buffer layer, a 50nm ln(Ga,AL) graded layer, 300-nm n+ -InP:Si (6 10 cm ohmic contact layer and a 50-nm InAlAs Schottky-barrier enhancement layer. The graded layer was incorporated into the structure to remove conduction and valence band discontinuities that tend to degrade the high frequency performance citric acid:H202 was used to achieve an anisotropic mesa etch (Wohlmuth, Seo, Fay, Caneau, &. Adesida, 2). The etch profile enabled a Ti: Au interconnection between the top ITO Schotty contact and the microwave probe pads. RF magnetron was used to deposit the ITO film (thickness 320nm, refractive index of 2.05) sputtering in the argon environment. The experimental results showed that the device had a low knee voltage of about 0.39v, which is in accordance to the background doping concentration of 4x1014 cm-3 (Wohlmuth et al, 2). The responsive of the devices was between 0.55-0.60 A/W at wavelength of 1.31 mm and 0.563-0.583 for 1.55 mm at a bias of 5V. The dark current density of the Schottky contact increased as the diameter of the devices was reduced. This implied that the dark current of the devices is due to the surface-state conduction on the edges of the mesa rather than across the barrier contact (Wohlmuth, Seo, Fay, Caneau, &. Adesida, 3). At 100 mm, the lowest dark current was exhibited at 8.87x10-5 A/cm-2 at a bias of 5V. The frequency of the device was determined using the HP83420A light wave test set of wavelength 1.55 mm, 50ohm characteristic impedance. The 3-dB cutoff frequency at 10V for 11, 50, 25, 20, 15 diameter devices was found to be 2.5, 10.3, 21.2, 23.7, 25GHZ respectively. The high responsiveness was up to 0.60A/W for 1.31 light and 0.583 A/W for 1.55 mm (Wohlmuth, Seo, Fay, Caneau, &. Adesida, 4). The paper aimed at investigating the

Native American Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native American Culture - Term Paper Example Native Americans wanted to control the environment and the human being or the supernatural beings that surrounded or threatened them. Particular articles were solely for religious uses, and some were for secular needs alone. Decorations did not always provide clues as to their uses; most of the religious articles were completely devoid of ornamentation. A few people used plain-ware bowls for food preparation, while others used polychrome bowls for the same purposes, yet under a different set of circumstances they could fulfill a religious function (Kuiper 176). The specific aim of the Indian artist was not just to set down realistic account but to form the semi-magical designs so universal in the art of non-Western cultures. Carvings paintings, effigies, or realistic portraits were not merely pictures of people or objects; they embodied the essence of that particular subjects as well. Native Americans often attached names to designs for convenience of people as it helped to avoid con fusion. Although the dissimilarities between the artistic languages of different times were immense, there were also similarities, for the borrowing of art forms from distant and occasionally foreign peoples was a common practice (Kuiper 181). Despite the similarities between the art of forms of different cultural groups and various cultural groups and dissimilar times, one cannot talk of Indian art as though it were on its own a concept. Just as there were numerous hundred native languages, dialects, and speech forms, so were there an equal number of tribal styles, motifs, and design forms. Aesthetics, or perceptions of beauty are among the most difficult concepts to identity in any Native American musical culture. Native Americans tended to evaluate performances according to the feelings of connectedness they generate rather than according to specifically musical qualities. Some communities judged the victory of a performance by how many people

Cultures in the World Essay Example for Free

Cultures in the World Essay To define culture is not easy because culture means different things to different people. Hence there many definitions of culture as there are many different cultures in the World. Anthropologists define culture as social behaviour of human beings. To others dance, music, theatre, artifacts and fashion constitute culture. On the other hand, fashion is a style characteristic of the social elite and is mainly associated with social class and is highly dynamic. Hence fashion should be in current mode for instance a garment. Fashion, style, vogue or even mode are used interchangeably to refer to a preferred type of dress, behaviour, adornment or a way of life at a given time span. In broadest terms fashion usually refers to conventions which are generally accepted by a society or by any culture or even a subculture. Style like mode often stresses the adherence to standards and elegance and should be socially accepted. For instance miniskirts were the mode in the late sixties. Vogue is applied to style or fashion that prevails widely but often suggests enthusiastic but short lived acceptance (The American heritage 2003). Wilson, further states that fashion is always in a continual change and sets the terms for all sartorial behaviour (Wilson 2003). The importance of fashion can never be overemphasized in the current world since fashion now is always around us from media to our daily lives in clothing and even automobile sector. Let it be clearly noted that fashion is for aesthetic as well as societal class, elegance and modesty. In the current years fashion has become a major factor affecting the psychosocial wellbeing of major cultures and subcultures in the world. This influences the life of people both in style and preferences and their economical sphere. The growth of fashion is linked with the development of cities and urban centres in the 14th century and the growing sophistication of the courts. But it is only in 15th and 16th centuries when people developed the culture of fashion and class such that they felt shameful to wear outdated clothes (Wilson 2003). The entrance of fashion led to increased spending on clothes and a clear cut class differences. The rise of bourgeoisie became so much crucial in the development of fashion and style. The poorest class received the cheapest clothing with the people in the highest level in class ladder wearing the most expensive clothes. With the rise of Industrial revolution came capitalism hence new markets for clothes in fashion and fashion became more and more important with the circulation of images in mass communication. GENDER AND FASHION In the current contemporary world, fashion has become the order of the day. Media houses and world class beauty and model centres have been developed all over the world especially in Europe and U. S. A. However, unlike the past where fashion was associated with female, this industry welcomes both genders nowadays. But because of the past skewed interest of ladies in the industry they are still the major players. Nevertheless, almost every one in the current society setting especially in urban areas appreciates fashion and style and is a product of the same in one way or another. People are more conscious when it comes to fashion and no one is willing to be left behind in the outdated world hence consumption of these fashion products has tremendously risen. ‘Dress is a practical negotiation between the fashion system, the social conditions of everyday life such as class and gender as well as rules or norm governing particular social situations. The outcome of this complex interaction cannot be known in advance precisely because the habitus will improvise and adapt to these conditions’. Thus dress is a personal attempt to orientate ourselves to particular circumstances and thus recognise the structural influences of the social world and the individual on the other (Entwistle 2000) FASHION AND MODERNITY Fashion has kept pace with modern life. It has followed every step the global world is making and is by itself part and parcel of the globalised world. From North to South, West to East fashion is seen to influence the global ways of life. However, this is bringing about similarity and extinction of cultures since fashion and culture are linked and the change of one leads to change of the other. Since fashion is dynamic it follows that the fashion of yester years is different from the fashion of today hence today’s fashion is new and can be termed as modern. Modern fashion has greatly been affected by the present technological advancement and the entrance of new marketing approach. For example, the use of internet has revolutionized this industry. It is not a wonder therefore what is considered modern in London today is even being used the following day in Washington. This has promoted customized fashion products to promote what many fashion stars look for in fashion; uniqueness and class. Fashion and style industry has in the recent decades been well established with increased sales as many people go for class and fashion. Also, the quality of the products has greatly developed thus fashion has become our way of life. FASHION, SUBCULTURAL YOUTH STYLES It is important to distinguish between the concept of youth culture and youth subcultures. In general terms youth culture is more homogenous, doing similar things and being treated in the same way playing down aspects of differentiation. This idea was much popular with U. S sociologists in early 1960s. In modern youth culture emphasis is more on subcultures. Unlike the 20th c where fashion was highly linked with class, in 21st c the line of demarcation has narrowed and the mode of classification is not only on class lines but across a wide plane of social and cultural identities. Hence the youth even in ghettos are coming up with their modes of fashion. The issue of subcultures within the large framework of culture in a society is a major phenomenon. Hence these subcultures act as the seed bed for fashion that is embraced by the larger society. The link between class and identity is far less apparent in the 20th c, in particular since high fashion is democratised and not longer the prerogative of a small elite. In contemporary culture distinction does not run along class lines alone but across a wide plane of social identities. Thus, rather than being only imposed from the top, fashion is also ‘bubbling up’ from the street and youth cultures (Entwistle 2000). The use of style brings across clear identity within the youth and serves to sometimes oppose dominant values within the society. Youth tend to solve their problems of culture and fashion in their own unique understandable way hence they act against the main stream fashions of the old. However their fashions and style are dominantly affected by the media and celebrities entertainment industry. Fashion trends brought forward by top musicians come fast and go quickly. These fashions and styles linked with subcultures are known to be diverse as the youth are dynamic. Therefore the rate of change of any fashion within a subculture is higher than in the dominant cultures. The youth also customise fashions by either adding or removing some parts from the original fashion to create a different identity. And for sure youth have revolutionised the world of fashion and culture, in the contemporary world. Therefore fashion is regarded as a mode of identity by the youth and serves as the avenue through which the youth express themselves. EFFECTS OF FASHION ON CONSUMERISM The cycle of fashion in the modern times has been found to influence the level of consumerism in the current world. Fashion is fueled by change and conversion. Designers always persuade their customers that their new fashions are everything they need. In the next season the same designers convince their customers to bade farewell to outdated designs and instead embrace the new trends in their latest collections. Western societys culture of mass consumerism has widely been influenced by the fashion cycle. Sociologist Stella C. (1993) likens fashion cycle with the rolling waves of the sea. As one fashion gains popularity and is outdated another style is gaining momentum and this change our modern culture. Today’s fashion is not only placed on the contest of youth, sexuality and historicism, but also previous culture movements and shows fashion reflects its surrounding, its subjects but ultimately itself. FASHION AND CLASS Fashion is known to influence lifestyle and how people relate within the society. However this relationship is both on the individual and societal levels. Fashion is a product of class division since many people want to be seen in a unique way within any given society and societies also show their class differences using fashion hence affecting the culture of present societies. CONCLUSION It is true that fashion and culture are highly interlinked. A culture that appreciates fashion is a culture that is dynamic and ready to follow where its fashion leads it to. Modern culture is hinged on the fashion of each passing day and unlike the past psychosocial behaviour is influenced by fashion on a larger scale. Youth subcultures promote their own form of fashion which may be interlinked with fashions within the larger sphere of culture. These fashions serve to show their rebellious identity. The cycle of fashion has seen unnecessary changes of fashion due to designers who look forward to make profits and are out to change fashions as quickly as practicably possible. Hence the world is supposed to be aware of these uncalled changes in fashions. Unethical issues are also related to fashion and culture. Therefore, some people see it like their religious and spiritual beliefs are affected by fashion. However on a global perspective fashion has promoted the entrance of more products in the world market leading to increased competitiveness. Modern global culture is a mirror of fashion and design. REFERENCES Bruzzi Stella, and Patricia Gibson, 2000, Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations, and Analysis. London; New York: Routledge. Craik, Jennifer, 1993, The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion. London; New York: Routledge. Entwistle, J. 2000, The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press. Malossi, G. 2000, Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style. New York: H. N. Abrams. The American Heritage, 2003, Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition by Houghton Mifflin Company. U. S. A.

Looking At Laboratory Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Looking At Laboratory Information Systems Information Technology Essay INTRODUCTION Healthcare is always a top priority within any collection of individuals, whether it is the workforce, schools, churches, communities, states, countries etc. This is because mortality rates are directly affected by the level of healthcare available, and effective productivity is dependent on good health and high mortality rates. Developed nations tend to invest large sums of money into healthcare, in order to prevent most ailments before they become epidemics, however, due to lack of emphasis on the importance of healthcare, African nations suffer from low mortality rates caused by lack of proper laboratory procedures and equipment, to test and accurately diagnose problems ahead of time. Even though we are now in a highly advanced technological era, Nigerian hospitals still conduct tests, data collection, and calculations manually, leaving a huge opening for errors which could lead to wrong diagnosis and in turn, wrong treatment. As we humans become ever increasingly dependent on computer technology in our daily lives, it then would be appropriate to utilize technological solutions to problems conventional methods prove inefficient at. These problems can be solved with the use of a properly configured software system to manage all administrative tasks in the laboratories. The most effective use of technology to solve to these issues would be carried out using open source software popularly known as a Laboratory Information System (L.I.M.S). The model of this work seeks to provide an application which will enable vital functionalities such as proper documentation and storage of patient information, patient specimen/sample tracking, and most important, patient test results. In the light of the above, the proposed system applies the web application development approach in its information architecture and processing, however this system will run on a local machine as opposed to running on a remote server over the internet. Consequently at completion of this work, the end product should be a Laboratory information management system which handles activities in the lab from the entry of a patient to the laboratory to the generating of a test result or Laboratory report. BACKGROUND OF STUDY The study for the development of the laboratory information management system uses a medical laboratory facility: Bakor Medical laboratory as its case study. Investigations indicate that the following steps or procedures are undertaken in the process of getting tested in the medical laboratory. On entry into the laboratory a document known as the Patient Investigation form. This form holds information such as the Patients name, age sex, on filling this form the patient is then billed. The patient Investigation form is then transferred to a second laboratory attendant who then uses the information retrieved from the aforementioned form to fill the laboratory request book. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In recent times, due to increase in population, there is constant pressure on providers of various services to provide innovative methods of dispensing a sizable amount of services to great amount of people in the shortest possible time. Consequently, organizations are constantly resorting to technological solutions to meet up with the ever increasing demand for quality and speedy service delivery and with virtually everything in our day to day lives being technologically driven, should there not be a scenario where paper documentation is completely annihilated from medical laboratories?, where a system is adopted in which patient records and data are properly stored such as to enable features such as patient/visitor history tracker, where a returning patients history can aid the laboratory in deducing what type of test a visitor would request for, statistical reports generation where useful statistical information is inferred based on test results e.g whether or not there is an incr ease or decrease of new HIV infections, should there not be a software/application where other stakeholders in the health-care delivery processes such as doctors and pharmacists have access to laboratory generated information to aid in their health-care administration?, should the retrieval of patient test records be slow and cumbersome?, why must results be entered directly on the result document, therefore a backup copy is unavailable. Questions such as these will serve as a guide to the development of a robust system than manages various tasks in the medical laboratory. 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Based on the statement of the problems above the research question for this study are: How will the development of a laboratory information management System greatly increase the laboratorys efficiency? OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To design a robust Laboratory information System that will efficiently aid in the running of the laboratory facility To hold and provide timely information about each visitor to the laboratory To reduce the need to hire staff through the proper application of technological solutions therefore cutting cost. With a proper functioning and comprehensively designed application, Laboratory tasks such the following can be achieved: SAMPLES MANAGEMENT A LIMS can automate the management of samples. An organization can configure its analytical parameters and calculations into the LIMS before implementing the software in the laboratory. After sample registration, the system can print barcodes which it can scan at the end of the analysis when loading results into the LIMS. The system can check the completed results, automatically validating those which comply with specifications; and reporting (but not validating) out-of-specification results. A LIMS may release or retain lots and batches, according to a laboratorys specifications and calculations. Once results come available for the labs clients or owners, they can extract them in  PDF, XML  or spreadsheet files from the LIMS interface. (Note that moving insufficient data to a spreadsheet may lose the traceability of changes). LABORATORY USERS One may configure a LIMS for use by an unlimited  number of users. Each user owns an interface, protected by security mechanisms such as a login and a password. Users may have customized interfaces. A laboratory manager might have full access to all of a LIMS functions, whereas technicians might have access only to functionality needed for their individual work-tasks. ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS AUTOMATION As of 2009  LIMS implementations can manage laboratory sampling, consumables sampling schedule and financial (invoices). SCOPE OF STUDY Bakor Medical centre has various departments and sections based on the issue at hand to be dealt with; however this study focuses mainly on the lab processes, including data collection and management. This study takes the patient from the moment of entry into the medical centre, filling forms, up till the moment the test is taken, from that point onwards the study will focus on the methods used by the laboratory attendant to collect and store data, through recording of findings and submission of results This study will also concentrate on data backup and retrieval methods and will highlight potential errors and problems that could be encountered if the entire process was carried out manually instead of using a well configured computer application. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The Computer based Laboratory information management System is quite desirable as it will benefit the laboratory in the area of repetitive task automation. It will serve as an assistant to the medical laboratory scientist. It will also benefit patients as they will be able to retrieve record from previous visits to the laboratory. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY The limitations of this study include: Inability to obtain actual test result document, as this goes against medical ethics for a third party to view Laboratory specimen or test results. Unavailability of qualified laboratory scientist at the study locations to properly explain terms and laboratory procedures. LITERATURE REVIEW From tasting urine to microscopy to molecular testing, the sophistication of diagnostic techniques has come a long way and continues to develop at breakneck speed. The history of the laboratory is the story of medicines evolution from empirical to experimental techniques and proves that the clinical lab is the true source of medical authority. Three distinct periods in the history of medicine are associated with three different places and therefore different methods of determining diagnosis: From the middle ages to the 18th century, bedside medicine was prevalent; then between 1794 and 1848 came hospital medicine; and from that time forward, laboratory medicine has served as medicines lodestar. The laboratorys contribution to modern medicine has only recently been recognized by historians as something more than the addition of another resource to medical science and is now being appreciated as the seat of medicine, where clinicians account for what they observe in their patients. The first medical diagnoses made by humans were based on what ancient physicians could observe with their eyes and ears, which sometimes also included the examination of human specimens. The ancient Greeks attributed all disease to disorders of bodily fluids called humors, and during the late medieval period, doctors routinely performed uroscopy. Later, the microscope revealed not only the cellular structure of human tissue, but also the organisms that cause disease. More sophisticated diagnostic tools and techniques such as the thermometer for measuring temperature and the stethoscope for measuring heart rate were not in widespread use until the end of the 19th century. The clinical laboratory would not become a standard fixture of medicine until the beginning of the 20th century. Ancient diagnostic methods In ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the earliest physicians made diagnoses and recommended treatments based primarily on observation of clinical symptoms. Palpation and auscultation were also used. Physicians were able to describe dysfunctions of the digestive tract, heart and circulation, the liver and spleen, and menstrual disturbances; unfortunately, this empiric medicine was reserved for royalty and the wealthy. Other less-than-scientific methods of diagnosis used in treating the middle and lower classes included divination through ritual sacrifice to predict the outcome of illness. Usually a sheep would be killed before the statue of a god. Its liver was examined for malformations or peculiarities; the shape of the lobes and the orientation of the common duct were then used to predict the fate of the patient. Ancient physicians also began the practice of examining patient specimens. The oldest known test on body fluids was done on urine in ancient times (before 400 BC). Urine was poured on the ground and observed to see whether it attracted insects. If it did, patients were diagnosed with boils. The ancient Greeks also saw the value in examining body fluids to predict disease. At around 300 BC, Hippocrates promoted the use of the mind and senses as diagnostic tools, a principle that played a large part in his reputation as the Father of Medicine. The central Hippocratic doctrine of humoral pathology attributed all disease to disorders of fluids of the body. To obtain a clear picture of disease, Hippocrates advocated a diagnostic protocol that included tasting the patients urine, listening to the lungs, and observing skin color and other outward appearances. Beyond that, the physician was to understand the patient as an individual. Hippocrates related the appearance of bubbles on the surface of urine specimens to kidney disease and chronic illness. He also related certain urine sediments and blood and pus in urine to disease. The first description of hematuria or the presence of blood in urine, by Rufus of Ephesus surfaced at around AD 50 and was attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood. Later (c. AD 180), Galen (AD 131-201), who is recognized as the founder of experimental physiology, created a system of pathology that combined Hippocrates humoral theories with the Pythagorean theory, which held that the four elements (earth, air, fire, and water), corresponded to various combinations of the physiologic qualifies of dry, cold, hot, and moist. These combinations of physiologic characteristics corresponded roughly to the four humors of the human body: hot moist = blood; hot dry = yellow bile; cold moist = phlegm; and cold dry = black bile. Galen was known for explaining everything in light of his theory and for having an explanation for everything. He also described diabetes as diarrhea of urine and noted the normal relationship between fluid intake and urine volume. His unwavering belief in his own infallibility appealed to complacency and reverence for authority. That dogmatism essentially brought innovation and discovery in European medicine to a standstill for nea rly 14 centuries. Anything relating to anatomy, physiology, and disease was simply referred back to Galen as the final authority from whom there could be no appeal. Middle Ages In medieval Europe, early Christians believed that disease was either punishment for sin or the result of witchcraft or possession. Diagnosis was superfluous. The basic therapy was prayer, penitence, and invocation of saints. Lay medicine based diagnosis on symptoms, examination, pulse, palpitation, percussion, and inspection of excreta and sometimes semen. Diagnosis by water casting (uroscopy) was practiced, and the urine flask became the emblem of medieval medicine. By AD 900, Isaac Judaeus, a Jewish physician and philosopher, had devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid; and under the Jerusalem Code of 1090, failure to examine the urine exposed a physician to public beatings. Patients carried their urine to physicians in decorative flasks cradled in wicker baskets, and because urine could be shipped, diagnosis at long distance was common. The first book detailing the color, density, quality, and sediment found in urine was written around this time, as well. By a round AD 1300, uroscopy became so widespread that it was at the point of near universality in European medicine. Consequently, the clinical laboratory became a standard fixture of medicine at the beginning of the 20th century; it is now an integral part of the health-care delivery process and is seen as the basis for medical diagnosis. In recent times a medical laboratory scientist (MLS), formerly known as a medical technologist (MT) or clinical laboratory scientist (CLS), functions as a medical detective, performing laboratory tests that provide physicians with information that assists them in preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and maintaining patient wellness.   The medical laboratory scientist performs a wide variety of laboratory tests, ranging from simple dipstick urine tests to complex DNA tests that help physicians assess risk of diseases. Using test results, physicians can uncover diabetes, cancer, heart attacks, infections and many other diseases.   Medical laboratory scientists interact with physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other members of the healthcare team to provide timely, accurate information so the patient can receive the correct medical treatment.   Medical laboratory scientists use sophisticated biomedical instruments and technology, microscopes, complex electronic equipment, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform tests on blood, body fluids, and tissue specimens. Clinical laboratory testing sections include clinical chemistry, hematology, Immunohematology (Blood Bank), immunology, microbiology and molecular diagnostics. EFFECTS OF MEDICAL LABORATORIES Medical Laboratories have played a pivotal role over the years. As stated above, in ancient times, physicians relied on various inaccurate means of disease diagnosis such as urine tasting, listening to the lungs etc. However with the advent and subsequent evolution of modern medical laboratory facilities, plus the discovery of the cellular nature of human tissue and the invention of the microscope, medical diagnosis made a tremendous leap from a 50-50 accuracy ratio to an 80% accuracy rating for laboratory based medical diagnosis. Therefore the use of medical laboratories has greatly increased the accuracy of diagnosis; hence the physician can administer the proper kind of treatment. The use of laboratories has also led to various discoveries, such as new strands of Viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. It also acts as a monitor for new strands of drug resistant bacteria. CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDICAL LABORATORIES The main challenges and bottle-necks encountered by medical laboratories over the years include. Inability to preserve patient samples or specimens such as blood, sputum, stool, over a long period of time for reference purposes hence making patient to specimen matching and tracking, Efficient information sharing and retrieval between the laboratory scientist and those administering treatment has been a problem. MEDICAL LABORATORIES: IMPROVEMENTS AND THE FUTURE For the efficient functioning of the diagnosis system, health-care delivery, scientific research into bacteriology and disease causing organisms, technology should be applied to automate administrative tasks, such as the visitor registration and result documentation. By making judicious use of computer software to automate and manage tasks in the laboratory there will be a dramatic increase in its efficiency. Consequently this will greatly reduce the need to recruit and pay personnel to carry out administrative duties therefore such resources can be channeled towards more important needs of the laboratory. TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO BE USED IN STUDY The technologies to be used in the development of this Laboratory Information Management system is an open source programming language known as PHP, together with a MYSQL driven database, a solid browser based application will be developed. PHP: PHP also known as Hypertext Pre-processor, it belongs to a class of languages known as middleware (Needham, 2006). These languages work closely with the web server to interpret the request made from the web, processes these request, interact with other programs on the server to fulfill the request and then indicates to the web server exactly what to serve to the clients browser. It is the leading web programming language for design of web applications. It possesses a language similar to C, Java or Pearl. Its uses include: retrieving user input and saving it in a database, retrieving information from a database and general data manipulation processes. THE CLIENT: Simply refers to end users of an application that connect to a remote server to carry out computational processes THE SERVER: An application known as a web server listens for requests a client makes, responds to those requests and serves out the appropriate response (Greenspan, 2002) MYSQL: Refers to an open source relational database management system with a set of programs that access and manipulate these records. (Descartes, 2003). It is a  relational database management system (RDBMS)  that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. APACHE WEB SERVER: Apache is a web server notable for playing an important role in the initial growth of the world-wide web. It is responsible for accepting Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request from web client (web browsers) and serving the HTTP responses along with optional data content which usually are HTML pages. These platforms are used in this research work because: There are open source meaning there are free to use and develop with without having to purchase licenses or fulfill any legal obligation to the owners of the technology. It is easy to deploy on a local machine Its hardware requirements are minimal therefore making its installation and usage less cumbersome. Developer tools and support services for the platform/technology are readily available at absolutely no cost. DATA COLLECTED FOR LABORATORY TEST Lab Investigation Form: This form is used for general patient registration and data collection. Data collected on this form include Patient Name Patient age Hospital Number Specimen Blood Specimen Sputum Stool Urea Various Swap Investigation Record Clinic Details Name of Doctor Lab Request Book: Used to record Patients data for that day. Name Lab Investigation Done Amount Time in Data Collected for lab tests Lab result book (Used for recording patients results) Patients Name Date of birth Gender Test Results Date Hospital registration Number Extra Comments SUMMARY The use of technological solutions greatly reduces costs, increase profits, save human effort and provide better services to customers/clients The use of an LIS (Laboratory information System) in the running of a medical laboratory facility greatly improves the documentation process; makes patients records retrieval a lot easier and faster, records are not lost and are kept safe via regular backup of the available data. With the use of a Laboratory information system, various kinds of data deductions, surveys and reports can be easily generated for statistical purposes such as the average percentage of persons with a certain kind of disease, Genotype or blood type etc. CONCLUSION A properly developed Medical Laboratory information system will greatly increase productivity, increase the quality of services delivered by the facility and greatly reduce the amount of man hours put into the delivering the laboratory services